How to Run Python Scripts on Linux Servers: A Beginner’s Guide

Running Python scripts on Linux is a critical skill for developers, providing a seamless way to automate tasks, manage systems, and analyze data efficiently.

Prerequisites

Before you start, make sure you have the following VPS details ready:

Server IP address
SSH port
SSH username
SSH password

If you’re using Hostinger, find these details under VPS → Server Details → Manage. Credentials are located under the SSH access tab.

How to Execute a Python Script in Your Linux VPS Command Line

This section will guide you through running Python scripts, from making them executable to viewing them on the Command Line Interface (CLI).

1. Transfer a Python Script to VPS

To run your script, it needs to be transferred from your local machine. Several methods can accomplish this, each offering different levels of complexity and security. Here are some methods:

Secure Copy Protocol (SCP): Relies on SSH for safe data transfer, encrypting both the file and authentication details.
rsync: Ideal for syncing files, using a protocol that only transfers changes, making it efficient for large data.
SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol): A secure alternative to FTP, providing file access, transfer, and management over a secure channel.
Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol: A cryptographic network protocol that enables secure communication between systems.

2. Make Sure Python Is Installed on Your VPS

Check if Python is installed on your VPS. Most Linux distributions come with Python preinstalled. Verify by running:

python3 --version

If not installed, follow the instructions for your Linux distribution to install Python.

3. Make Your Script Executable

Before execution, make your Python script executable. Add a shebang line to the top of your script:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

Then, set the file permissions:

chmod +x executable.py

4. Run the Script and View it in the Terminal

With the script set up, execute it using:

./executable.py

See the output directly in the terminal.

5. View Logs

Check system logs for errors or messages generated by the script. Navigate to the system logs directory:

cd /var/log

Use less or tail commands to view log files such as:

/var/log/syslog
/var/log/auth.log
/var/log/kern.log

Running a Python Code Interactively

1. Launching Python’s Interactive Mode

To launch interactive mode, type:

python3

2. Executing Python Commands Interactively

Enter commands directly to see output immediately, useful for testing code snippets.

3. Exiting Interactive Mode

Type exit() or press Ctrl + D to exit.

Troubleshooting Common Execution Errors

Permission Denied Error

Cause: Script lacks execute permissions.

Solution: Use chmod +x [Python file] to grant permissions.

No Such File or Directory Error

Cause: Incorrect script file path.

Solution: Ensure the correct directory or provide the full path.

Python Version Compatibility

Cause: Multiple Python versions installed; script needs a specific version.

Solution: Specify the version explicitly.

Interpreter Not Found Error

Cause: Python interpreter not installed or in path.

Solution: Install Python and ensure it’s in the system’s path.

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Conclusion

Linux offers a robust environment for running Python scripts, essential for automating tasks and managing systems. This guide explored executing Python scripts on the command line, running them interactively, and troubleshooting common errors. Mastering these skills will enhance your ability to efficiently manage and automate systems using Python.

How to Run a Python Script in Linux FAQ

How Do I Run a Python Executable in Linux?

Navigate to the executable’s directory and run it using ./filename. The output will display in the terminal.

What’s the Difference Between Running Python Scripts Interactively and From the Command Line?

Interactive mode allows executing code line by line, while the command line executes entire scripts at once, ideal for larger code chunks.

How Can I Run a Python Script at Scheduled Times on Linux?

Create a script, make it executable, and add a cron job to schedule automatic execution.

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Esther Kumi

Esther is a copywriter for SaaS and Tech companies. She has a background in engineering and software development. When she’s not writing, she’s conducting creative experiments, inventing systems, writing screenplays, or laughing at her own dad jokes. Follow her on LinkedIn.

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